বিসিএস রিটেন পরীক্ষার সিলেবাস( BCS Written Exam Syllabus)

 বিসিএস লিখিত পরীক্ষার সিলেবাস 

বিসিএস এ লিখিত পরীক্ষা হচ্ছে একজন প্রার্থীদের জন্য প্রধান পরীক্ষা।কারণ ক্যাডার হিসেবে মনোনয়নের জন্য লিখিত ও ভাইভা এর নাম্বার যোগ করে মোট নাম্বারের উপর ভিত্তি করে যে প্রার্থী এগিয়ে থাকে তিনি ক্যাডার হিসেবে মনোনীত হন।

 প্রিলিমিনারী পরিক্ষার জন্য একজন প্রার্থী এমসিকিউ টাইপ প্রশ্নের প্রস্তুতি নেয়।কিন্তু প্রিলিমিনারী এর অল্প সময় পরপরই লিখিত পরীক্ষা হয়।যে কারণে প্রার্থী এই অল্প সময়ে পুরো সিলেবাস জেনে প্রস্তুতি নিতে হিমশিম খায়।ফলে লিখিত পরিক্ষায় পর্যাপ্ত উত্তর দিয়ে আসতে পারে না।

এক্ষেত্রে অনেকে মত দেন যে, শুরু থেকে প্রিলি এবং লিখিত সিলেবাস ভালোভাবে জেনে তারপর পড়াশুনা শুরু করে মিলিয়ে মিলিয়ে সম্ভাব্য বিষয় গুলো বেশি বেশি পড়াশুনা করা।

বিসিএস লিখিত পরীক্ষায় কিছু বিষয় থাকে যে বিষয়ে সবাইকে অবসশ্যই পরীক্ষা দিতে হয় এবং যারা পেশাগত ক্যাডারে পরীক্ষা দিবেন তাদের পেশাগত বিষয়টিতে পরীক্ষা দিতে হবে।

এখানে থেকে আমরা যা যা জানতে পারবোঃ-

• আবশ্যিক বিষয় সমূহ এবং তাদের বিষয় কোড।

• প্রফেশনাল/ টেকনিক্যাল ক্যাডারদের জন্য বিষয়সমূহ এবং তাদের বিষয় কোড

• বিষয়ভিত্তিক যা যা জানতে হবে। 

আবশ্যিক বিষয় সমূহঃ-

No	Subjects	Subjects code	Marks
1	Bangla 1st Paper	001	100
2	Bangla 2nd Paper	002	100
3	English	003	200
4	Bangladesh Affairs	005	200
5	International Affairs	007	100
6	Mathematical Reasoning	008	50
7	Mental Ability	009	50
8	General Science and Technology	010	100

প্রফেশনাল/ টেকনিক্যাল ক্যাডারদের জন্য বিষয়সমূহঃ- 

(বোথ ক্যাডারে আবেদন করা প্রার্থী বাংলা ১ম ও ২য় মিলায়ে ১০০ নাম্বারে পরীক্ষা দিবেন এবং সাধারণ বিজ্ঞান ও তথ্যপ্রযুক্তি পরীক্ষা দিতে হবে না।তারা পেশাগত বিষয়ে ২০০ নাম্বারে পরীক্ষা দিবেন)

No	Subjects	Subject Code	Marks
1	Bangla	111	200
2	English	121
3	Arabic	131
4	Persian	141
5	Sanskrit	151
6	Pali	161
7	Psychology	171
8	History	181
9	Islamic History & Culture	191
10	Islamic Studies	201
11	Philosophy	211
12	Education	221
13	Archaeology	231
14	Water Resources Engineering	241
15	Mining Engineering	251
16	Electronic Engineering	271
17	Geography	311
18	Mass Communication and Journalism	321
19	Economics	331
20	Political Science	341
21	Sociology	351
22	Social Welfare/Social Work	361
23	International Relations	371
24	Public Administration	381
25	Home Economics	391	200
26	Anthropology	401	200
27	Library and Information Science	411	200
28	Hadith	421	200
29	Tafseer	431	200
30	Drama and Music	441	200
31	Urdu	451	200
32	Graphics	455	200
33	Al-Fiqh	457	200
34	History of Music	461	200
35	Drawing and Painting	463	200
36	Fine Arts	469	200
37	Physics	511	200
38	Applied Physics	521	200
39	Chemistry	531	200
40	Applied Chemistry	541	200
41	Mathematics	551	200
42	Applied Mathematics	561	200
43	Geology	571	200
44	Botany	581	200
45	Zoology	591	200
46	Bio-Chemistry	601	200
47	Pharmacy	611	200
48	Soil, Water and Environment Science	621	200
49	Nursery	631	200
50	Child Development And Social Relationship	641	200
51	Home Management And Housing	651	200
52	Food And Nutrition	661	200
53	Related Art	671	200
54	Clothing And Textile	681	200
55	Institutional Food Management	691	200
56	Accounting	701	200
57	Finance	711	200
58	Marketing	721	200
59	Management	731	200
60	Business Administration	741	200
61	Law	751	200
62	International Law	761	200
63	Medical Science	771	200
64	Dental Science	791	200
65	Agriculture	801	200
66	Agricultural Economics	811	200
67	Agricultural Engineering	821	200
68	Animal Husbandry	831	200
69	Veterinary Science	841	200
70	Fisheries	851	200
71	Marine Science	861	200
72	Forestry	871	200
73	Civil Engineering	881	200
74	Electrical Engineering	891	200
75	Mechanical Engineering	901	200
76	Chemical Engineering	911	200
77	Metallurgical Engineering	921	200
78	Architecture	931	200
79	Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering	941	200
80	Textile Technology	951	200
81	Leather Technology	961	200
82	Computer Science	971	200
83	Statistics	981	200
84	Urban Development	991	200

আবশ্যিক বিষয়গুলোর বিষয়ভিত্তিক যা যা জানতে হবেঃ- 

বিষয়	শাখা	মান
বাংলা প্রথম পত্র	১। ব্যাকরণ শব্দ গঠন বানান/বানানের নিয়ম বাক্যশুদ্ধি/প্রয়োগ-অপপ্রয়োগ বাক্য গঠন ২।ভাব- সম্প্রসারণ ৩।সারমর্ম ৪। বাংলা ভাষা ও সাহিত্য-বিষয়ক প্রশ্নের উত্তর	-৫*৬=৩০ - ২০ -২০ -৩০
বাংলা দ্বিতীয় পত্র	১।অনুবাদ(ইংরেজি থেকে বাংলা) ২।কাল্পনিক সংলাপ ৩।পত্রলিখন ৪।গ্রন্থ-সমালোচনা ৫। রচনা	-১৫ -১৫ -১৫ -১৫ -৪০
ENGLISH	Part-A 1. Reading Comprehension An unseen passage dealing with a topic relevant to our times will be set. Candidates will be required to answer (a) a number of thematic questions that will test their understanding of the passage,  (b) a number of questions related to grammar and usage.  2. Candidates will be required to write a summary of the given passage in their own words within 100 words. 3. Candidates will have to write a letter relating to the thematic issue of the given passage to the editor of an English newspaper. Part-B 1. Candidates will be required to compose an essay on a topic related to an issue of topical relevance. The essay must conform to the word limit set and must convey a candidate’s ability to express his or her ideas clearly and correctly in English as well as reflect and analyse a topic of contemporary interest. 2. Translation from English into Bangla and Bangla into English  Candidates will be required to translate a short passage from Bengali into English and another from English into Bangla.	-30 -30 -20 -20 -50 -(25+25)=50
BANGLADESH AFFAIRS	This paper is designed to cover various issues/topics concerning Bangladesh affairs which include history, geography, environment, society, culture, economy and politics.  The topics/areas that should be covered are stated below:  1. Geography of Bangladesh that should include topographical features of different areas/regions and their developments over time.  2. Demographic features including ethnic and cultural diversity.  3. History and culture of Bangladesh from ancient to recent times.  4. Economy, society, literature and culture of Bangladesh with particular emphasis on developments including Poverty Alleviation, Vision- 2021, GNP, NNP, GDP etc. after the emergence of the country.  5. Bangladesh’s environment and nature and challenges and prospects with particular emphasis on conservation, preservation and sustainability.  6. Natural resources of Bangladesh with focus on their sustainable harnessing and management.  7. The Constitution of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh: Preamble, Features, Directive Principles of State Policy, Constitutional Amendments.  8. Organs of the Government:  a) Legislature: Representation, Law-making, Financial and Oversight functions; Rules of Procedure, Gender Issues, Caucuses, Parliament Secretariat.  b) Executive: Chief and Real executive e.g., President and Prime Minister, Powers and Functions; Cabinet, Council of Ministers, Rules of Business, Bureaucracy, Secretariat, Law enforcing agencies; Administrative setup- National and Local Government structures, Decentralisation Programmes and Local Level Planning.  c) Judiciary: Structure: Supreme, High and other Subordinate Courts, Organization, Powers and functions of the Supreme Court, Appointment, Tenure and Removal of Judges, Organization of Subordinate Courts, Separation of Judiciary from the Executive, Judicial Review, Adjudication, Gram Adalat, Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). 9. Foreign Policy and External Relations of Bangladesh: Goals, Determinants and policy formulation process; Factors of National Power; Security Strategies; Geo-Politics and Environment Issues; Economic Diplomacy; Man-power exploitation, Participation in International Organizations; UNO and UN Peace Keeping Missions, NAM, SAARC, OIC, BIMSTEC, D-8 etc, and International Economic Institutions, Foreign Aid, International Trade.  10. Political Parties: Historical development; Leadership; Social Bases; Structure; Ideology and Programmes; Factionalism; Politics of Alliances; Inter and Intra-Party Relations; Electoral Behaviour; Parties in Government and Opposition.  11. Elections in Bangladesh. Management of Electoral Politics: Role of the Election Commission; Electoral Law; Campaigns; Representation of People’s Order (RPO); Election Observation Teams.  12. Contemporary Communication; ICT, Role of Media; Right to Information (RTI), and E-Governance. 13. Non-formal Institutions; Role of Civil Society; Interest Groups; and NGOs in Bangladesh.  14. Globalization and Bangladesh: Economic and Political Dimensions; Roles of the WTO, World Bank, IMF, ADB, IDB and other development partners and MultiNational Corporations (MNCs).  15. Gender issues and Development in Bangladesh.  16. The Liberation War and its Background: Language Movement 1952, 1954 Election, Six-Point Movement, 1966, Mass Upsurge 1968-69, General Elections 1970, Non-cooperation Movement, 1971, Bangabandhu’s Historic Speech of 7th March. Formation and Functions of Mujibnagar government, Role of Major Powers and of the UN, Surrender of Pakistani Army, Bangabandhu’s return to liberated Bangladesh. Withdrawal of Indian armed forces from Bangladesh.	200
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS	Brief Description  International Affairs is a compulsory paper for candidates of competitive examinations under the Public Service Commission, Bangladesh and applicable to both general and professional cadre. This paper deals with conceptual issues and actors in the study of international affairs. It starts with a basic understanding of international affairs, its nature and evolution. It focuses on both conceptual and empirical issues in international affairs. Under this paper basic concepts and theories such as power, balance of power, realism, liberalism/neo-liberalism, foreign policy, security, trade, and environment will be addressed. The empirical focus of the paper is on understanding bilateral and multilateral relations, processes, functions, and politics of regional and global institutions. The paper is divided into two sections: conceptual and empirical issues.  Objective  The paper strives to understand a basic knowledge about international affairs. It aims to examine whether the candidates are well equipped with the key concepts, perspectives and theories for explaining global phenomena to deal with policy matters effectively. Another purpose of the paper is to examine analytical capacity of the candidates about global issues and events that are closely linked with domestic arena. Proposed Distribution of Marks:  1. Short Conceptual Notes : 10 out of 12 10 x 4 =40 2. Analytical Questions: 3 out of 4 questions 3 x 15 =45  3. Problem-solving question 1 x 15 =15 Section A: Conceptual Issues Introduction to International Affairs: Significance of international affairs; meaning and scope of international affairs; linkage between international affairs and international politics  Actors in the World: Modern state, types of state, sovereignty, non-state actors, international institutions, relations between state and non-state actors  Power and Security: power, national power, balance of power, disarmament, arms control, geopolitics, terrorism  Major Ideas and Ideologies: Nationalism, imperialism, colonialism, neo-colonialism, postmodernism, globalisation and new world order  Foreign policy and Diplomacy: concepts of foreign policy and diplomacy, decision-making process, determinants of foreign policy, diplomatic functions, immunities, and privileges  International Economic Relations: International trade, free trade, protectionism, foreign aid, debt crisis, foreign direct investment (FDI), financial liberalisation, regionalism, regionalization, North-South gap, global poverty, MDGs  Global Environment: Environmental issues challenges, climate change, global warming, climate adaptation, climate diplomacy  Section B: Empirical Issues  The United Nations System: The UN and its organs, importance and limitations of the UN, Reforms of the UN, Role of the Security Council, UN Peacekeeping and peace-building functions, Human rights agenda, Environmental agenda, International Court of Justice, and Women empowerment Foreign Relations of Major Powers: USA, Russia, UK, China, France, Germany, India, Japan etc.  Global Initiatives and Institutions: World Bank, IMF, ADB, G8, G-77, WTO, Kyoto Protocol, COP etc. Regional Institutions: SAARC, BIMSTEC, EU, ASEAN, NATO, APEC, OIC, AU, GCC Major Issues and Conflicts in the World: The Palestine Problem, the Arab Spring, the Kashmir Issue, the Syrian Crisis, Persian Gulf Conflict, nuclear issue and Iran, the North Korean issue, territorial disputes in Southeast and East Asia, Nuclear proliferation and other contemporary issues. Politics in South Asia: India-Pakistan relations, Bangladesh-India relations, regional integration, water dispute, border problems and terrorism  Bangladesh in International Affairs: Major achievements, challenges, future directions  Section C:  Problem-solving The candidates may be asked to come up with an analysis of a problem and its solution on any aspect of global developments and security issues, such as trade, climate change, foreign aid, arms proliferation etc	100
MATHEMATICAL REASONING	Mathematical Reasoning is based on the principles of Logic. A sound knowledge of Mathematical Reasoning prepares one not only to solve mathematical problems but also develops the intellectual ability to resolve problems in all spheres of public life and to arrive at impartial and impersonal intelligent decisions.  The examination in Mathematical Reasoning will test the ability of the candidate to apply knowledge of Mathematics and Mathematical Reasoning acquired up to secondary level, especially to concrete application-oriented problems. The syllabus of the examination is given below:  1. Simplification of Arithmetic and Algebraic Expressions.  2. Unitary Method, Average, Percentage, Simple and Compound interest, LCM, GCD, Ratio and Proportion, Profit and Loss.  3. Algebraic Formulas, Factorization of Polynomials, Linear and Quadratic Equations, Linear and Quadratic Inequalities.  4. Systems of Linear Equations with two or three unknowns.  5. Exponents and Logarithms. Exponential and Logarithmic functions.  6. Arithmetic and Geometric Sequences and Series.  7. Line, Angle, Triangle related theorems. Theorem of Pythagoras, Circle – Theorems, Corollaries.  8. Area related theorems and construction, Mensuration – plane figures and solid objects. 9. Cartesian Geometry- Distance, Equation of a Straight Line. 10. Trigonometric ratios and functions. Problems on height and distances.  11. Set theory. Venn diagram. 12. Counting Principles, Permutations and Combinations. Elementary Probability.	50
MENTAL ABILITY	The objective of mental ability test is to assess differential aptitude of the candidate.  The following areas are likely to be covered:  1. Verbal Reasoning: The verbal reasoning test, as its name implies, is a measure of ability to understand concepts framed in pairs of words. The word used in these items may come from history, geography, literature, science, or any other content area. The item thus samples the candidate’s knowledge and his/her ability to abstract and generalise relationships inherent in that knowledge.  Example: Man has an inborn desire to..........the unknown. Answer:  a. Invent  b. Discover  c. Recover  d. Solve  e. fear 2. Abstract Reasoning: The abstract reasoning test is intended as a nonverbal measure of the candidate’s reasoning ability. The series presented in each problem requires the perception of an operating principle in the changing diagrams. In each instance, the candidate must discover the principle or principles governing the change of the figures and give evidence of his understanding by designating the diagram which should follow.  3. Space Relations: The Space Relation test is a measure of ability to deal with concrete materials through visualisation. The ability to visualise a constructed object from a picture of a pattern has been used frequently in tests of structural visualisation. The ability to imagine how an object would appear if rotated in various ways has been used effectively in the measurement of space perception.  Example: A man travels 1 mile, then turn left and travels 1 mile, then he turns right and travels 2 miles, then again he turns right, and travels 5 miles.  How far is he from the starting point? Answer:  a) 5 Miles  b) 1 mile  c) 9 miles  d) 6 miles  4. Numerical Ability: The test is a measure of the candidate’s ability to reason with numbers, to manipulate numerical relationships and to deal intelligently with quantitative materials. Example: What number has been left out? 4 √25 6 √49 ?  Ans:  A. 8  B. √81  C. 24  D. √121  E. None of these  5. Spelling and Language: The spelling and language test is intended to measure the candidate’s ability to detect errors in grammar, punctuation, and capitalization. The items reflect the principles of present day formal writing, and the ability measured by the test is highly predictive of success in a variety of academic courses.  Example: নিচের অক্ষরগুলো দিয়ে শব্দ গঠন করুন  র লা দা প ফ ল  6. Mechanical Reasoning: The ability measured by the Mechanical Reasoning test may be regarded as one aspect of intelligence, if intelligence is broadly defined. The person who stands high in this characteristic finds it easy to learn the principles of operation and repair of complex devices	50
GENERAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY	Part – A: General Science i. Light: Nature, Spectrum, Different colours and wavelengths, UV, IR, and LASER, Reflection of Light, Refraction of Light, Total Internal Reflection of Light, Lenses, Thin converging lens, Dispersion of light, particle nature of light, Einstein’s photoelectric equation, photocells  ii. Sound: Hearing mechanism, Decibel, Frequency, Sound machines in home and around –, Microphone, Loud speaker, Public address system, Characteristics of a sound note, Formation of stationary waves in stretched string, Laws of vibrating strings, Beats, Doppler Effect, Applications and limitations of Doppler Effect, Echoes, Absorption of sound wave, Reverberations, Fundamentals of Building acoustics, Statement of Sabine's formula  iii. Magnetism: Polarity and relationship with current, Bar magnet, Magnetic lines of force, Torque on a bar magnet in a magnetic field, Earth’s magnetic field as a bar magnet, Tangent galvanometer, Vibration magnetometer, Para, dia and ferromagnetic substances with examples, Electromagnets and permanent magnets  iv. Acid, Base and Salt: Acid-base concepts; characteristics of acids and bases; acid-base indicators; uses of acids and bases in daily life and caution in handling them; social effects of misuse of acids; reason for acidity in stomach and selection of the right food; pH; measurement and importance of pH of substances; salts; characteristics of salts; necessity of salt in daily life; uses of salts in agriculture and industries  v. Water: Properties of water; melting and boiling points of water; electrical conductivity; structure of water; hydrogen bonding; sources of water; sources of freshwater in Bangladesh; water quality parameters (colour and taste; turbidity; presence of radioactive substances; presence of waste; dissolved oxygen; temperature; pH and salinity); recycling of water; role of water in conservation of nature; necessity of quality water; purification of water (filtration; chlorination; boiling and distillation); reasons for pollution of water sources in Bangladesh; effects of water pollution on plants, animals and human beings; effects of global warming on freshwater; strategy for preventing water pollution and responsibility of citizens or public awareness; prevention of water pollution by industries; prevention of water pollution due to soil erosion from agricultural land; conservation of water sources and development  vi. Our resources: Soil; types of soil; soil pH; reasons and effects of soil pollution; natural gas and its main compositions; processing, uses and sources of natural gas, petroleum and coal; forestry; limitations and conservation of our resources vii. Polymer: Natural and synthetic polymer; polymerization process; sources, characteristics and usage of natural and synthetic polymers; manufacturing process, characteristics and uses of fibers, silk, wool, nylon and rayon; physical and chemical properties of rubber and plastic; role of rubber and plastic for environmental imbalance; aware of using rubber and plastic viii. Atmosphere: Biosphere and Hydrosphere, Ionosphere, role of oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen. Potable and polluted water, Pasteurization.  ix. Food and Nutrition: Elements of food; carbohydrates; protein; fats and lipid; vitamins; types and sources of carbohydrates, proteins; nutritional value; menu of balanced diet; the pyramid of balanced diet; body mass index (BMI); fast food or junk food; preservation of food; various processes of storing food; use of chemicals for preservation of foods and its physiological effects  x. Biotechnology: Chromosome; shape, structure and chemical composition of chromosome; nucleic acid; deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA); ribonucleic acid (RNA); protein; gene; DNA test; forensic test; genetic disorder in human beings; Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering; cloning; social effects of cloning; transgenic plants and animals; Use of biotechnology in agricultural, milk products and pharmaceutics; Gene therapy; Genetically modified organism; Nanotechnology; Pharmacology; Pharmacokinetics  xi. Disease and Healthcare: Deficiency, Infection, Antiseptic, Antibiotics, Stroke, Heart Attack, Blood Pressure, Hypertension and Diabetes, Dengue; Diarrhoea; Drug addiction, Vaccination, Cataract, food poisoning, X-ray; Ultrasonography; CT Scan; MRI; ECG; Endoscopy; Radiotherapy; Chemotherapy; Angiography; uses, risk and side-effects of above techniques; Basic concept of Cancer, AIDS and Hepatitis  Part – B: Computer and Information Technology   i. Computer Technology: Organization of modern personal computers and its major functional units, computer generations, History of computers, central processing unit and microprocessor, computer memories and their classification and characteristics, input and output devices with characteristics and uses. The role of BIOS. Bus architecture, Motherboard and its components, functions and organisation of microprocessors, Arithmetic Logic Unit(ALU), Control unit, Language translator, Text editor, Compiler, Interpreter, Computer software, system software, operating system, application software with examples of applications, Computer virus, office automation. Computational biology; Role of computer in Drug design; Programming languages, their types and levels, steps for software development. Impacts of computer on society. ii. Information Technology: Data communication and information, information collection, processing, and distribution, System analysis and information systems, expert systems. Database software and structures, Database Management System (DBMS), Basics of multimedia systems with examples of hardware and software, concept of data compression, multimedia system development life cycle. Local area, metropolitan area and wide area computer networks,(LAN, MAN,WAN ), LAN Topology, Networking devices(Router, Switch, HUB),TCP/IP Protocol suite, Internet, Internet services and protocols, Internet Service Providers(ISPs) and their responsibilities, intranet and extranet, Word Wide Web(WWW) and web technology. Popular websites. Access control security and privacy. E-mail, Social media (facebook, twitter, blog) and their impacts. Different types of Transmission media with examples, bandwidth. Major components of telecommunication systems, mobile telephone systems, satellite communication systems and VSAT, importance of fibre optic communication system, WiFi, E-Commerce technology and its impact to society, examples of E-Commerce websites, B2B, B2C, M-Commerce, Smart phones, GPS Part – C: Electrical and Electronic Technology i. Electrical Technology: Electrical components, voltage, current, Ohm’s Law, Electrical power and energy, Electromagnet and magnetic field, electromagnetic induction, Circuits Breakers, GFCI’s and Fuses, Power Distribution and Series circuit, Voltage Sources in a Series, Kirchhoff's Voltage Law, Voltage Division in a Series Circuit, Interchanging Series Elements, Voltage Regulation and the Internal Resistance of Voltage Sources, Parallel Resistors, Parallel Circuits, Power Distribution in a Parallel Circuit, Kirchhoff’s Current Law, Open and Short Circuits, Generation of AC and DC voltages, thermal, hydraulic and nuclear power generators. Electric motors and their applications. Transformers, AC transmission and distribution, Electrical instruments, voltage stabilisers, IPS and UPS  ii. Electronics Technology: Electronic components, analog and digital signals, analog electronic devices, amplifiers and oscillators, resistance, types of resistors, conductance, ohmmeters, Capacitance, Capacitors, Inductors, Inductance, Sinusoidal Alternating, Waveforms, Frequency Spectrum, The Sinusoidal Waveform, General format for the sinusoidal Voltage of current, Phase Relations, The Basic Elements and Phasors, Response of Basic R,L and C, Elements to a Sinusoidal Voltage or Current, Frequency Response of the Basic Elements, Average Power and Power Factor, Complex Numbers, Rectangular Form, Polar Form, Conversion between Forms, Impedance and the Phasor Diagram, Introduction to 3 phase Systems, Elementary Concepts of Generation, Transmission, and Distribution, Various Levels of Power, Basic Concepts of Transformers, radio, television, and radar. Digital devices and digital integrated circuits, impact of digital integrated circuits, counters and digital display devices, digital instruments.	60 25 15

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